carateum, and each occupies a limited geographical and ecological niche. pallidum subspecies pertenue, bejel by T. 1 Each disease is caused by an organism of the genus Treponema yaws by T. The endemic treponemal diseases, consisting of yaws, bejel (endemic syphilis) and pinta, are non-venereal infections closely related to syphilis, and are recognized by WHO as neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). Penicillin has long been considered the mainstay of treatment for the endemic treponemal diseases but the recent discovery that azithromycin is effective in the treatment of yaws has renewed interest in these most neglected of the NTDs, and raised hopes that global eradication may finally be possible.īejel, Neglected tropical diseases, Pinta, Syphilis, Yaws Introduction Current diagnostic techniques are unable to distinguish the different causative species but newer molecular techniques are now making this possible. As with venereal syphilis, the clinical manifestations of the endemic treponemal diseases are variable and can be broken down in to early stage and late stage disease. Each disease is restricted to a specific ecological niche but all predominantly affect poor, rural communities. Adequate data on the epidemiology of bejel and pinta is lacking.
![pinta disease pinta disease](https://static.tuasaude.com/media/article/6r/qa/como-identificar-um-melanoma_1704_l.jpg)
Despite previous worldwide eradication efforts the prevalence of yaws has rebounded in recent years and the disease is now a major public health problem in 14 countries. The disease can be treated with penicillin, tetracycline (not to be used in pregnant women), azithromycin or chloramphenicol, and can be prevented through contact tracing by public health officials.The endemic treponemal diseases, consisting of yaws, bejel (endemic syphilis) and pinta, are non-venereal infections closely related to syphilis, and are recognized by WHO as neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). Diagnosisĭiagnosis is usually clinical, but as with yaws and bejel, serological tests for syphilis, such as rapid plasma reagin (RPR) and TPHA, will be positive, and the spirochetes can be seen on dark field microscopy of samples taken from the early papules. These generally resolve, but a proportion of people with pinta will go on to develop late-stage disease, characterised by widespread pigmentary change with a mixture of hyperpigmentation and depigmentation which can be disfiguring.
![pinta disease pinta disease](https://www.menne-indonesia.de/uploads/tx_templavoila/kal13_rb.jpg)
Three to 9 months later, further thickened and flat lesions (pintids) appear all over the body. Lesions are usually present in the exposed surface of arms and legs. Pinta, the least severe of treponemal infections being limited to the skin, is thought to be transmitted by skin-to-skin contact (similar to bejel and yaws), and after an incubation period of two to three weeks, produces a raised papule, which enlarges and becomes hyperkeratotic (scaly/flaky).
![pinta disease pinta disease](http://medicalpicturesinfo.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Petechiae-2.jpg)
#Pinta disease skin#
Pinta (also known as Azul, Carate, Empeines, Lota, Mal del Pinto and Tina) is a human skin disease endemic to Mexico, Central America, and South America caused by infection with a spirochete, Treponema pallidum carateum, which is morphologically and serologically indistinguishable from the organism that causes syphilis.